A Christian sees God as the Supreme law-giver and the ultimate authority of law. Law originates from the character and nature of God. They believe that there is a natural law the is revealed through general revelation. The natural law is comprised of both physical and moral laws, both of which are known by all because they see it all over, everyday (general revelation). Christians believe in an absolute standard that all laws should adhere to and that absolute standard is God's will as revealed in the Bible. According to the Christian worldview, man's law is a necessary thing because of the innately sinful human nature. Thus, it keeps man from utter chaos and turmoil. However, man's law must included laws regarding basic human rights, for human's are of great importance in the Christian worldview. We are all made in God's image and therefore are important to God. Jesus becoming man caused human life to assume even greater importance than before. Finally, the ultimate result of Christian law is that God will judge the human race according to His standard.
On the other hand, Islam believes that the ultimate authority for law is Allah and his words in the Qur'an and the sayings in the Hadith. Law, however, does not stem from the nature or character of Allah. There are a few laws that are actually required or denied with eternal reprecussions but there are many laws that are purely recommended or disapproved. Islam does not believe that man is innately evil and therefore they do not considered the sinfulness and corruption of man in their law. They give their governments absolute power without any thought that that might corrupt their country.
There is plenty of differences between the Islamic approach to law and the Christian approach to law.
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